Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Only about 5 % of the person with pancreatic adenocarcinoma may survive up to a maximum of 5 years. Therefore, a novel approach to pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis and treatment is required to improve the clinical outcome …
Calcium is a second messenger that mediates many cellular processes. It binds to calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) to form a complex. Calcium-binding activates the calmodulin that serves as a calcium receptor and activates downstream signaling proteins such as CaM-dependent protein kinases (CaMK). There are three types …
Mitochondrial storage of the excess of Zn and Ca ions Zinc and calcium ions play important roles in maintaining the mitochondrial redox state. Membrane-associated enzymes constituting an electron transport chain are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. They perform the electron transport during which the …
During purification, it is necessary to determine the concentration of proteins in the crude extract as well as in purified fractions. There are different methods to determine the concentration of proteins, but the only accurate method to determine the protein concentration is to hydrolyze the protein …
Types of tyrosine kinases There are two classes of tyrosine kinases; receptor tyrosine kinase and non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. The Janus Kinases (JAKs) are the non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that are associated with the cytokine receptors and participate in different downstream signaling pathways. Cytokine receptors are …
Receptor kinases are the members of the receptor serine/threonine kinases, under the enzyme-linked cell surface receptor family and constitute the largest receptor kinases in plants. They are located in the plasma membrane and initiate the signaling in a variety of plant processes. Receptor kinases are composed …
Colon Cancer Researchers have made different investigations to understand the mechanism of tumorigenesis in gastrointestinal cancers. They found that overexpression of the cyclin D2 and CDK4/6 and loss of function of the APC in the intestinal epithelial cancer, suggesting that deregulation of the CDK4/6 is required …
Color vision is one of the primary senses of human beings that provide the perception of our environment. When light penetrates to the eyes through the pupils, it falls on the retina where photons of the light agitate the rod and cone cells. Rod and cone …
Classification of the lipids Lipids are classified into two classes; saponifiable lipids and non-saponifiable lipids. In a saponifiable lipid family, there are two types of lipids Glycerol Esters and Non-glycerol Esters. Glycerol esters include triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerols while non-glycerol esters include two classes of lipids; waxes …
