Though proteins can be stored with cosolvents such as salts and polyols to enhance their stability and activity for biological and biotechnological applications, however, the mechanisms for protein stability remain elusive. Generally, these cosolvents promote the shifting of protein conformations towards more compact form and prevent …
Biogenic amines are the amines found in the biological system with many vital functions and roles. First, let me describe what is an amine? Amines are the organic compounds containing an amino group as a functional group. They are basically considered as a derivative of ammonia in which …
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or GAPDH is an important enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. It is an NADH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step of the glycolytic pathway during which it converts the glyceroldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. However, a recent study shows that it has not only catalytic role in …
A short introduction about HMG-CoA reductase HMG-CoA reductase or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound enzyme. It catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. This step, formation of the mevalonate, is the rate limiting step of the cholesterol biosynthesis as well as the synthesis of …
Everybody knows HDL cholesterol or High-Density Lipoprotein is good for health while LDL or Low-Density Lipoprotein is bad. However, HDL is not always good for health. One recent study shows, HDL can be bad for heart health. Before getting into the topic, I would like to …
Before describing how fatty acids are associated with inflammatory processes, I want to describe what the inflammation is and what the fatty acids are. What is an inflammation? Inflammation is an initial defense system that protects the host organism from infection. It initiates different processes such …
What is niacin? Niacin is an organic acid the IUPAC name of which is pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid. It is also called as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3. However, the biologically active form is nicotinamide, not the niacin which is formed during the formation of niacin-derived cofactors nicotinamide …
Biochempages Enzymes December 23, 2015 Angiotensin II from Angiotensinogen Angiotensin is a group of peptide hormones that contains mainly four types; I, II, III, and IV. However, the biologically active form is angiotensin II. All of these are produced from the single precursor protein angiotensinogen in different steps. Angiotensinogen is a …
Researchers have synthesized synthetic sialic acid containing two functionalities that can be incorporated into the sialylated glycans. This process is called as metabolic glycan labeling that has emerged as a tool to study the sialylation of various types of glycosylation. Sialic acid is a common term …
Gene Probe Designing And Production Though gene probe designing and production is one of the most difficult steps, gene probe is essential in many molecular biological techniques. Bioinformatics resources and genetic databases are the starting point of the gene probe designing. However, sometimes it is possible …
of the lipids Lipids are classified into two classes; saponifiable lipids and non-saponifiable lipids. In saponifiable lipid family, there are two types of lipids Glycerol Esters and Non-glycerol Esters. Glycerol esters include triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerols while non-glycerol esters include two classes of lipids; waxes and sphingolipids. …
Hemicellulose Hemicelluloses is a heteropolysaccharide found in plant cell walls. It constitutes about 20-30% of the total dry weight of plants. It is a second most abundant polysaccharide, the first most abundant polysaccharide is cellulose. It contains mainly D-xylose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-glucose etc. Hemicelluloses has low molecular weight …
